Nobel Prizes Physiology or Medicine
2000
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Arvid Carlsson
"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"
Paul Greengard
"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"
Eric Kandel
"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"
2001
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Leland Hartwell
"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
Tim Hunt
"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
Sir Paul Nurse
"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
2002
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sydney Brenner
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death"
H. Robert Horvitz
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death"
John E. Sulston
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death"
2003
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Paul C. Lauterbur
"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"
Sir Peter Mansfield
"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"
2004
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Richard Axel
"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
Linda B. Buck
"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
2005
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Barry J. Marshall
"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"
J. Robin Warren
"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"
2006
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Andrew Z. Fire
"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"
Craig C. Mello
"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"
2007
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Mario R. Capecchi
"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"
Sir Martin J. Evans
"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"
Oliver Smithies
"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"
2008
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Harald zur Hausen
"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"
Luc Montagnier
"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"
2009
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Elizabeth H. Blackburn
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
Carol W. Greider
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
Jack W. Szostak
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
2010
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Robert G. Edwards
"for the development of in vitro fertilization"
2011
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Bruce A. Beutler
"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"
Jules A. Hoffmann
"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"
Ralph M. Steinman
"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"
2012
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir John B. Gurdon
"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"
Shinya Yamanaka
"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"
2013
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
James E. Rothman
"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"
Randy W. Schekman
"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"
Thomas C. Südhof
"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"
2014
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
John O'Keefe
"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain"
May-Britt Moser
"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain"
Edvard I. Moser
"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain"
2015
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
William C. Campbell
"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites"
Satoshi Ōmura
"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites"
Tu Youyou
"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria"
2016
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Yoshinori Ohsumi
"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy"
2017
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Jeffrey C. Hall
"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm"
Michael Rosbash
"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm"
Michael W. Young
"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm"
2018
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
James P. Allison
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
Tasuku Honjo
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
2019
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
William G. Kaelin Jr
"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability"
Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe
"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability"
Gregg L. Semenza
"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability"
2020
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Harvey J. Alter
"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus"
Michael Houghton
"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus"
Charles M. Rice
"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus"
2021
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
David Julius
"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch"
Ardem Patapoutian
"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch"
2022
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Svante Pääbo
"for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution"
2023
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Katalin Karikó
"for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19"
Drew Weissman
"for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19"
2024
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Victor Ambros
"for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation"
Gary Ruvkun
"for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation"
2025
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Mary E. Brunkow
"for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance"
Fred Ramsdell
"for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance"
Shimon Sakaguchi
"for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance"